AKI

  DIABETES Diabetes is a chronic condition that occurs when the body doesn't produce enough insulin or can't use insulin properly. This leads to high blood sugar levels, which can damage the body's systems over time, and affects millions of people worldwide. It leads to various health complications if left unmanaged. Understanding its causes, symptoms and management strategies is crucial for maintaining good health and preventing complications.   Types of Diabetes: Type 1 : An autoimmune condition where the body’s immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This is usually diagnosed in children and young adults. Type 2 : The most common, often linked to lifestyle factors like obesity and poor diet. The body either does not produce enough insulin or becomes resistant to it. This is usually diagnosed in adults, but can also affect children, teens and young adults. Gestational Diabetes : A temporary condition occurs during pregnancy. If not ...

  PROSTATE STONES Prostate stones, also known as prostatic calculi, are small mineral calcium deposits that form in the prostate gland. While they are often harmless, asymptomatic but can cause pain in the lower back legs or difficulty urinating. Some men may experience discomfort or complications.   Types of prostate stones: 1. Endogenous Prostatic Stones: • Form inside the prostate gland due to stagnation of prostatic secretions. • Composed mainly of calcium phosphate and proteinaceous material. • Associated with chronic prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or prostate infections.   2. Exogenous Prostatic Stones: • Form due to urinary reflux, where urine flows backward into the prostatic ducts. • Typically contain calcium oxalate or uric acid components, similar to bladder or kidney stones. • Often linked to urinary tract infections (UTIs) or urethral strictures.   Other Classifications: • Small vs. Large Stones: Small ston...

Chronic Kidney Disease Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a long-term condition where the kidneys gradually lose their function over time. Since the kidneys play a vital role in filtering waste, excess fluids and toxins from the blood, any damage to them can lead to serious health complications. CKD is a progressive disease and if left untreated, may lead to kidney failure and require dialysis or kidney transplant.   Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease: Diabetes – High blood sugar levels can damage the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys. High Blood Pressure – Increased pressure on kidney, blood vessels can impair function. Glomerulonephritis – Inflammation of kidney filters, leading to damage. Polycystic Kidney Disease – A genetic condition causing cysts in the kidneys. Repeated Kidney Infections – Infections can lead to scarring and reduced kidney efficiency. Obstruction in the Urinary Tract – Conditions like kidney stones or enlarged prostate can obstruct urine flow, causing dama...